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Forty

The original meaning of the Forty Hours is to honor Jesus Christ during the forty hours that placed in the tomb during Holy Week. From this need the ingrained practice of placing the consecrated host hidden in a special altar in the form of tomb. The origin of this devotion that carries the title "Oratio quadraginta horarum" is uncertain. The first evidence of this practice is found between the beats of Zara at the church of S. Silvestro, even before 1214, which arose also the Confraternity of the Lord's Supper Forty. The practice of placing the SS. Sacramento adoration of the faithful for forty consecutive hours in order to propitiate the Lord's intervention, especially in times of disasters and wars, it was for the first time in 1527 at the church of S. Tomb in Milan. It was the initiative of the Augustinian Antonio Bellotto Ravenna († 1528), which also established the School of the Holy Sepulchre bound to do so, start the use of outside repeat the Forty Holy Week. Pope Paul III, by asking the vicar-general of Milan made on behalf of the Government and people of Milan, approved this practice with a papal brief of August 28, 1537. The Capuchins, who joined also minors, were fervent propagators of the use of forty hours in similar zeal was also expressed by the Jesuits which this custom spread throughout Europe and in Italy. Urban VIII with the encyclical "Rerum Aeternus conditor on 6 August 1623, prescribed to all the churches of the world celebrating the Forty. In the following centuries several popes have occupied them with various documents, among which: the Instructio of Paul V in 1606 and Innocent XI in 1681.
As regards the practice, it appears from history are detected two forms:
- an annual round of uninterrupted worship from church to church, which has established and maintained only in big cities for reasons of availability of churches and faithful;
- the sporadic form, linked only to certain times of the year, often done without the nocturnal adoration, which is the most widespread and in use today in many parish communities.
In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, this second form was introduced in the three days preceding Ash Wednesday as a restorative function to oppose the excesses of the carnival, supported and spread by the Jesuits. This initiative was undertaken for the first time in Macerata in Le Marche in 1556. Because of a play deemed offensive, they wanted to stage the carnival in that city, two Jesuit missionaries thought it best to object to the exposure of the SS. Sacramento in the form of forty hours, giving the nature of atonement and repentance. This initiative had the better of the play, and then this ritual use became widespread. Other time of the year in celebration of Forty is the beginning of Holy Week, traditionally linked to the precept of annual Passover, whose timing is inspired by the oldest traditional form, supported and spread by the Capuchins.

(from the Roman Missal, 1983)